National Security Council Role and Membership

The National Security Council is the most important group of advisers to the president of the United States on matters of foreign and domestic national security. The National Security Council is made up of about a dozen military and intelligence community leaders who serve as the heart of the homeland security efforts and policies in the United States. The council reports to the president and not Congress and is so powerful that it can order the assassination  of enemies of the United States, including those living on American soil. What the National Security Council Does The law creating the National Security Council defined its function as being to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security so as to enable the military services and the other departments and agencies of the Government to cooperate more effectively in matters involving the national security. The councils function is also to assess and appraise the objectives, commitments, and risks of the United States in relation to our actual and potential military power, in the interest of national security, for the purpose of making recommendations to the President in connection there with. Members of the  National Security Council The  law creating the National Security Council is called the National Security Act. The act set the councils membership in statute to include: The presidentThe vice presidentThe secretary of the Department of StateThe secretary of DefenseThe secretary of the ArmyThe secretary of the NavyThe secretary of the Air ForceThe Secretary of EnergyThe chairman of the National Security Resources Board The law also requires two advisers to the National Security Council. They are: The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff serves as the military adviser to the councilThe director of National Intelligence Services serves as the intelligence adviser to the council The president has discretion to invite other members of his staff, administration, and cabinet to join the  National Security Council. In the past, the presidents chief of staff and chief counsel, the Treasury secretary, the assistant to the president for economic policy, and the attorney general have been invited to attend meetings of the National Security Council.   The ability to invite members from outside the military and intelligence community to play a role on the National Security Council  has occasionally caused controversy. In 2017, for example, President Donald Trump used an executive order to authorize his chief political strategist, Steve Bannon, to serve on the National Security Councils principals committee. The move caught many Washington insiders by surprise. â€Å"The last place you want to put somebody who worries about politics is in a room where they’re talking about national security,† former Defense Secretary and CIA Director Leon E. Panetta told  The New York Times. Bannon was later removed from the council. History of the National Security Council The National Security Council was created by the enactment of the National Security Act of 1947, which set forth a complete restructuring of the entire national security apparatus, civilian and military, including intelligence efforts, according to the Congressional Research Service. The law was signed by President Harry S. Truman on July 26, 1947. The National Security County was created in the post-World War II era, in part to ensure the nations industrial base would be capable of supporting national security strategies and to set policy, according to the Congressional Research Service.   National defense specialist Richard A. Best Jr. wrote: In the early 1940s, the complexities of global war and the need to work together with allies led to more structured processes of national security decision making to ensure that the efforts of the State, War, and Navy Departments were focused on the same objectives. There was an increasingly apparent need for an organizational entity to support the President in looking at the multiplicity of factors, military and diplomatic, that had to be faced during wartime and in the early postwar months when crucial decisions had to be made regarding the future of Germany and Japan and a large number of other countries.   The first meeting of the National Security Council was on  Sept. 26, 1947. Secret Kill Panel on National Security Council The National Security Council contains a once-secret subgroup that identifies enemies of the state and active militants living on American soil for potential assassination by the U.S. government. The so-called kill panel has been in existence since at least the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, though there is no documentation of the subgroup other than media reports based on unnamed government officials. According to published reports, the subgroup maintains a kill list that is reviewed by the president or the vice president on a weekly basis.   Reports the American Civil Liberties Union: There is very little information available to the public about the U.S. targeting of people far from any battlefield, so we dont know when, where, and against whom targeted killing can be authorized. According to news reports, names are added to a kill list, sometimes for months at a time, after a secret internal process. In effect, U.S. citizens and others are placed on kill lists on the basis of a secret determination, based on secret evidence,  that a person meets a secret definition of threat. While the Central Intelligence Agency and the Pentagon keep a list of terrorists who are approved for potential capture or assassination, the National Security Council is responsible for approving their appearance on the kill list. Under President Barack Obama, the determination of who was placed on the kill list was called the disposition matrix. And the decision-making authority was removed from the National Security Council and placed in the hands of the top  counterterrorism official. A detailed report on the matrix from The Washington Post  in 2012 found: Targeted killing is now so routine that the Obama administration has spent much of the past year codifying and streamlining the processes that sustain it. This year, the White House scrapped a system in which the Pentagon and the National Security Council had overlapping roles in scrutinizing the names being added to U.S. target lists. Now the system functions like a funnel, starting with input from half a dozen agencies and narrowing through layers of review until proposed revisions are laid on [White House counterterrorism adviser John O.]  Brennan’s desk, and subsequently presented to the president. National Security Council Controversies The organization and operation of the National Security Council has come under attack several times since the advisory group began meeting. The lack of a strong national security adviser and the involvement of council staff in covert operations has been a common cause of concern, most notably under President Ronald Reagan during the Iran-Contra scandal; the United States was proclaiming its opposition to terrorism while the National Security Council, under the direction of  Lt. Col. Oliver North, managed a program supplying weapons to a terrorist state. President Barack Obamas National Security Council, led by National Security Adviser Susan Rice, came under fire for its handling of the civil war in Syria, President  Bashar al-Assad, the spread of ISIS, and the failure to remove chemical weapons they later used against civilians. President George W. Bushs National Security Council was criticized for planning to invade Iraq and topple Saddam Hussein shortly after the inauguration in 2001.  Bushs Treasury secretary, Paul ONeill, who served on the council, was quoted as saying  after leaving office: From the start, we were building the case against Hussein and looking at how we could take him out and change Iraq into a new country. And, if we did that, it would solve everything. It was about finding a way to do it. That was the tone of it—the president saying, Fine. Go find me a way to do this. Who Heads the National Security Council The president of the United States is the statutory chairman of the National Security Council. When the president in not in attendance, the vice president presides over the council. The national security adviser also holds some supervisory powers, as well. Subcommittees In the  National Security Council There are several subgroups of the National Security Council designed to handle specific issues within the nations security apparatus. They include: The Principals Committee:  This committee is made up of the secretaries of the departments of State and Defense, the director of Central Intelligence, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the chief of staff to the president, and the national security adviser. This committee was created under President George H.W. Bush and is designed to allow the president and vice president to remain free from much of the minor policy negotiations. The Principals Committee, therefore, does not include the president or vice president; instead, it presents its work to the full National Security Council for implementation. If the process works as intended, the president does not have to spend time on uncoordinated policy recommendations and can focus on high-level problems and those issues upon which the departments and agencies could not reach a consensus, states the National Defense University of the U.S. Department of Defense.The Deputies Committee:  This committee is made up of the deputy national security adviser and second-ranking officials. Among its primary responsibilities is to meet regularly during times of crisis to gather and summarize information for the president, vice president, and members of the full National Security Council. Otherwise, it evaluates policy proposal for the full council.The Policy Coordinating committees:. These committees are made up of assistance department secretaries. Its role, according to presidential memorandum, is to provide policy analysis for consideration by the more senior committees of the national security system and ensure timely responses to the presidents decisions.

Essay about Causes of Car Accidents - 683 Words

Causes of car accidents Car accidents can happen to drivers anytime, anywhere. According to the National Safety Council, which stated that more than 2.5 million collisions back every year, making it the most common type of car accidents, it is also known that the accident rear end as incidents of injury, because the nature of the collision leads often in whiplash injury the driver in the car in front and about 20% of people who participated in a rear collision injury symptoms of this kind. , (NHTSA, auto-accident-resource.com). Among the car accidents, the teenage group is the only age group who is number of deaths is increasing instead of decreasing. Also, all the people are exposed to risk and actually every one of them has got car†¦show more content†¦When a cell phone is used while driving, it distracts the attention of the driver, leading to car accidents. While using a cell phone many people tend to miss traffic signals, because they are not really concentrating on driving. The process of dia ling or answering the phone can make them lose control of the vehicle as well. Even though the driver is looking at the road, he or she can easily get distracted by the conversation. This can result in fatal accidents. Third reason of accidents on the road is teenage drivers. â€Å"2,739 teenagers died in car accidents in the United States during 2008 , (drivesteady.com). Some teenagers cause fatal accidents, because of immaturity and lack of experience. Teenagers are very impulsive. Although not intending to hurt anyone, they sometimes drive very aggressively. It is not difficult to find teenagers driving with one hand on the steering wheel, seat pushed back, and with loud music playing. In traffic they go wild, trying to seek attention. They underestimate the risk of what they are doing. All these acts result in serious consequences on the road. Many accidents of young drivers result from their own mistakes. In conclusion, many people do not realize that being intoxicated while driving, using cellular phones and teenage drivers may bring serious injuries to everybody. Some people may enjoy drinking without care until they get into car accident, which can even result inShow MoreRelatedCause And Effect Of Car Accidents936 Words   |  4 Pages The world would be a much better place if there were fewer car accidents. Car accidents happen daily and regularly these days. They leave pains behind for the victims’ families. Many people think that they will never get involved in car accidents. They don’t wear their seat belts, they drive after drinking, and they use their cell phones while driving. They do all these things without even giving a second thought, yet all these things are preventable. No one knows what will happen to them in theRead MoreDo you know that one of the leading causes of the death of many teenagers is car accidents?500 Words   |  2 PagesDo you know that one of the leading causes of the death of many teenagers is car accidents? National Teen Driving Statistics showed that 16-year-old teenagers are three times more likely to die in car accidents than the average of all drivers. More teenage drivers are involved in car crashes every year than any age group and are more likely to die. Many s tates grant 16 year olds unsupervised driving privileges, which many safety advocates argue it too soon. Many argue that teenagers are emotionallyRead MoreCar Accidents Caused By Drivers882 Words   |  4 PagesCar accident can happen to drivers and passengers anytime, and anywhere. Even though we are more pay attention to the safety of the cars, car accidents is still happening. At the same time, car accidents is an important issue around the world. It has become a significant factors leading to death. Car accidents can be caused by three factors, including the bad driving conditions, personal driving habits and car conditions. Firstly, the bad driving conditions can cause car accidents. Drivers can’tRead MoreThe Accident Of Saudi Arabia766 Words   |  4 PagesAziz Car Accidents in Saudi Arabia Car accidents are an unwitting collision which is happening for one car with another or person or a static object, resulting in injuries in the car or driver or passengers. If certain procedures are followed then there will be fewer car accidents. The country will have an increased sense of safety and people will have less stress. When the first cars came to Saudi Arabia in 1947, the government began to create roads to connect the cities which inspired peopleRead MoreAre We Ready For Robot Cars?1350 Words   |  6 Pages Are We Ready for Robot Cars? â€Å"Every month it is becoming more clear that Google Cars are actually getting better at avoiding accidents† (Salkever). In other words, the issue is whether human drivers are more dangerous than driverless cars. The article â€Å"Google Cars Becoming Safer: Let the Robots Drive,† by Alex Salkever, says that driverless cars cut down on many road mishaps and will make driving safer. In like manner, the article â€Å"The Moral Challenges of Driverless Cars,† by Keith Kirkpatrick,Read MoreAutonomous Vehicles1715 Words   |  7 Pagesdriving and delegating more of those duties to the computer. Some manufacturers have made it easier to park or stay in the correct lane while some manufacturers are looking into a complete autonomous vehicle (AV). These are completely self-driving cars which the computer system controls every aspect of the drive. AVs have the potential to alter the landscape of driving like it has never been altered before. They have the potential to reduce the number of deadly crashes, provide transportationRead MoreCar Accidents Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesCar accidents are a leading cause of both morbidity and disability. A car accident is said to have occurred when a motor vehicle collides with another motor vehicle, a pedestrian, an animal, a structure, a building or road equipment. Despite strict laws that govern speeding, drunk driving, distracted driving and overall driver negligence, car accidents continue to increase. New data from the National Safety Council shows that car accident fatalities have increased by a third from 2014 to 2016 inRead MoreMotion and Car Safety762 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"inertia†, which means the property of an object to restrict its motion. Examples of inertia would be when a car is driving at a constant speed and instantly stops the person will fall forward if there is no seat belt. The seat belt is a safety device that is commonly found on car seats and aircraft seats, it is made from strong durable materials such as fabric, nylon or polyester. Cars that are manufactured are required to have seat belts due to road safety laws. The law was introduced in the 1970sRead MoreCar Accident Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesdied in a car accident . I didn’t.† In these days a lot of drivers record or photograph how they are speeding up in the streets while driving just for impressing people in social media . People don’t realize that doing those minor things causes severe pains or even death . people are on their phones, sending text messages , driving drank and most of them are having fatigue from driving for long hours or overly stressed after having a though working day, but after having a car accident who is theRead MoreA Brief Note On The Standard Way Of Driving1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe standard way of driving has always been one person in ful l control of the vehicle. Now with new and approved technology there are driverless cars that allow passengers to ride in a car without a driver. Driverless cars are very complex systems that allow passengers to be hands-free. Washington Post states that driverless cars have, Lots of sensory equipment feed into the vehicle’s computers. Radar, lasers and cameras collect data on the distance to objects and their speed if they’re moving.

Music Therapy - 2135 Words

Research Paper: Music Therapy Abstract There are many different ways that we benefit from music. Music can inspire better self-esteem, and confidence. It’s a great way to set the mood, and a wonderful tool. Music therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program (Gram, 2005). Music therapy can reach out to anyone, age, race, gender it doesn’t matter. Children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly with mental health needs can benefit from music therapy. As well as, those who have developmental and learning disabilities, those who suffer from Alzheimers†¦show more content†¦People are able to relieve stress in a few different ways. Some people relieve stress by journaling. Journaling allows people to clarify their thoughts and feelings, thereby gaining valuable self-knowledge. It’s also a good problem-solving tool; ofte ntimes, one can hash out a problem and come up with solutions more easily on paper. Journaling about traumatic events helps one process them by fully exploring and releasing the emotions involved, and by engaging both hemispheres of the brain in the process, allowing the experience to become fully integrated in one’s mind (Scott, 2009). Journaling isn’t for everyone; some choose to mediate to reach full relaxation. Throughout the day, when we experience stress, our bodies automatically react in ways that prepare us to fight or run. In some cases of extreme danger, this physical response is helpful. However, a prolonged state of such agitation can cause physical damage to every part of the body. Meditation affects the body in exactly the opposite ways that stress does, restoring the body to a calm state, helping the body to repair it self, and preventing new damage due to the physical effects of stress (Scott, 2010). Along with journaling and meditation yoga is another stress management. Yoga, which derives its name from the word,Show MoreRelatedMusic Therapy2049 Words   |  9 Pagesresearch paper, the effectiveness of music therapy on the cognitive degenerative disorder of dementia will be evaluated. To support the contention that music therapy is effective in treating the symptoms of dementia, research documenting this therapy’s impact on memory, emotions, and behavior will be examined. In order to provide a greater understanding of music therapy and dementia, these terms will be defined. Second, research will be examined to determine music therapy’s impact on the psychologicalRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effects854 Words   |  4 PagesMusic therapy is not currently a widely recognized option of treatment. If an individual goes to see a healthcare professional nowadays, it would be highly unlikely that that individual would receive a recommendation for music therapy treatme nt. Yet, music therapy is an established field of medical science that dates back to the time of the ancient Greeks. So, what is music therapy? Music therapy is defined as â€Å"treatment including creating, singing, moving to, and/or listening to music† (â€Å"What isRead MoreMusic Therapy Is Effective Or Not?925 Words   |  4 Pagestoday’s day and age, people cannot go anywhere or do anything without listening to music. From elevator music, to exercise in the gym, to background music in restaurants, to the radio in the car, we cannot escape music. It is such an overlooked yet essential part of our daily lives, but what is unknown by many is that music is also used very deliberately in the lives of others. Many hospitals use music therapy to help treat their stroke patients, premature infants, those diagnosed with AlzheimerRead MoreMusic Therapy1769 Words   |  8 PagesMusic therapy is used to treat people for various reasons and there are multiple styles of t reatment presently being used. Music therapy is an effective form of therapy that is used on people of all ages to improve quality of life. Music therapy has been used in the medical industry for more than 60 years and there are many people who have no idea what it is. During W.W.I., music therapy in the United States began to develop when music was used in the Veterans Administration Hospitals as an interventionRead MoreThe American Music Therapy Association1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as an â€Å"established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals†. Studies have shown that there are clear benefits from listening to or playing music, but research over the last decade proves music can be used to heal in the medical field. Dementia and other neurological disorders have no cure, only treatments to lessen the symptomsRead MoreMusic And Music Therapy ( N.a.m.t ) Essay1826 Words   |  8 PagesMusical Therapy   Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Music, even in situations of the greatest of horror, should never be painful to the ear but should flatter and charm it, and thereby always remain music.† (Mozart). Music is pervasive in everyday life. It is used as a means of communication. It allows us to better oneself, and continues to be an outlet for creativity that is ever changing in this era. The use of music in a therapy session dates back to ancient times and has even been discovered in ancient biblical scripturesRead MoreShould Music Therapy Be Taught?1812 Words   |  8 PagesMedicinal Melodies Jodi Picoult, New York Times best-selling author of Sing You Home once said, Music therapy, to me, is music performance without the ego. It’s not about entertainment as much as it s about empathizing. If you can use music to slip past the pain and gather insight into the workings of someone else’s mind, you can begin to fix a problem. Music therapy is precisely that: an assuaging therapy meant to heal patients who need empathy, love, and tranquility. Patients in the neonatal intensiveRead MoreIs Music Therapy Beneficial?768 Words   |  4 PagesTherapy can consist of a vast number of interventions. Some can be as simple as the presence of music. Especially when dealing with patients experiencing bouts of mental illness. This article provides specific insight in regards to whether music throughout therapy is beneficial to those experiencing forms of dementia. According to, Sherrati, Thorton Hatton, p. 13, (2004), â€Å"The use of the term music in this paper refers to a variety of music interventions (eg. listening to music), whereas the termsRead MoreMusic Therapy ( Mt )1845 Words   |  8 PagesFor most, music plays an integral role in life. Whether it’s putting a playlist on to get hyped-up for a daily workout, or shuffling through an Adele album to get through a bad break-up. In short, music is connected to our mood. Henceforth, it should come as no surprise that music therapy (MT) has been used in various forms of rehab, specifically in terms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is a condition masked with impairments to social functioning, speech, and language along with unusual behaviorsRead MoreThe Benefits Of Music Therapy Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesThe Unbeknownst Benefits of Music Therapy Music therapy, a clinical use of music interventions to accomplish therapeutic goals, involves a broad range of activities including playing an instrument, singing, or listening to music. Similar to occupational and physical therapy, this expressive arts therapy remedies psychological conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or hypertension to maintain the well-being of an individual. Likewise, music has been a therapeutic tool that has shown positive effects

The Inner Defiance of Hester Prynne free essay sample

An analysis of the main character in The Scarlett Letter. This paper examines the character of Hester Prynne as a symbol of resistance to the ubiquitous Puritan oppression in early colonial America in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. Society hastens to oppose those who deviate from the norm, often condemning them as outcasts or pariahs. Such outcasts or pariahs are commonly ridiculed or ostracized for their differing beliefs and actions. A literary example of such an outcast is Hester Prynne, in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. Scorned and isolated by her Puritan community after they discover her act of adultery, they punish her with imprisonment. They also mandate that she wear, at all times, a scarlet letter A on her chest, which is to serve as a constant reminder of the sin she has committed. Hester wears the scarlet letter on the outside, but inwardly defies and rebels against the strict Puritan regimen, thus becoming a symbol of resistance against Puritan oppression. We will write a custom essay sample on The Inner Defiance of Hester Prynne or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page