Teenage Suicide free essay sample

An assessment of the marvel of high school self destruction using a survey of Dr. David Lesters book, The Cruelest Death: the Enigma of Adolescent Suicide. This paper utilizes this book as its fundamental source to inspect the pattern of self destruction among teenagers. By utilizing two contextual investigations, this paper investigates the powerlessness that a few young people feel and how they resort to this last edgy measure. The paper looks at patterns among guys and females and more seasoned and more youthful adolescents. It additionally looks at mental disarranges which lead to self destruction, for example, discouragement. Dr. David Lesters book, The Cruelest Death: the Enigma of Adolescent Suicide, presents disturbing discoveries of reality about the third driving reason for death in the USA among those beneath 24 self destruction. It focuses to the ongoing and sensational ascent in the occurrence of the most recent 20 years as reminiscent of a plague (Lester 1993) that warrants more noteworthy consideration and moderation among the individuals who can and ought to take care of business. We will compose a custom paper test on Adolescent Suicide or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It is a straight to the point examination into the social wonder by giving data backing to hypothesis, research, the executives and intercession accommodating to experts especially clinicians, emergency laborers and guardians and the whole family with more prominent experiences that can help them gadget progressively compelling, responsive and fruitful systems in the center, school and at home, all with the end-perspective on alter the course.

How to Take Notes The 10-Step Guide to Note-Taking (Infographic)

How to Take Notes The 10-Step Guide to Note-Taking (Infographic) Have you ever taken notes during a lecture or meeting, looked at them later, and found them useless? We’ve all done it. Even worse is when somebody asks to borrow your notes and quickly hands them back to you, saying, “Never mind, thanks.” It’s ironic that many schools don’t give lessons on how to study or take notes effectively. These skills were addressed in an orientation class in my first year of collegeâ€"which was a bit late if you ask me. Our latest infographic, “The Ultimate Beginner’s Guide to Note-Taking,” makes up for what you may have missed. We give you tried-and-true tips that’ll help you take better notes and learn more. See the infographic here: Even if you’re not a complete beginner at taking notes, I’m sure you’ll find something helpful in this list. As always, we’d love it if you’d chime in with note-taking tips of your own. Please comment below the infographic if you have something to share.

National Security Council Role and Membership

The National Security Council is the most important group of advisers to the president of the United States on matters of foreign and domestic national security. The National Security Council is made up of about a dozen military and intelligence community leaders who serve as the heart of the homeland security efforts and policies in the United States. The council reports to the president and not Congress and is so powerful that it can order the assassination  of enemies of the United States, including those living on American soil. What the National Security Council Does The law creating the National Security Council defined its function as being to advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security so as to enable the military services and the other departments and agencies of the Government to cooperate more effectively in matters involving the national security. The councils function is also to assess and appraise the objectives, commitments, and risks of the United States in relation to our actual and potential military power, in the interest of national security, for the purpose of making recommendations to the President in connection there with. Members of the  National Security Council The  law creating the National Security Council is called the National Security Act. The act set the councils membership in statute to include: The presidentThe vice presidentThe secretary of the Department of StateThe secretary of DefenseThe secretary of the ArmyThe secretary of the NavyThe secretary of the Air ForceThe Secretary of EnergyThe chairman of the National Security Resources Board The law also requires two advisers to the National Security Council. They are: The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff serves as the military adviser to the councilThe director of National Intelligence Services serves as the intelligence adviser to the council The president has discretion to invite other members of his staff, administration, and cabinet to join the  National Security Council. In the past, the presidents chief of staff and chief counsel, the Treasury secretary, the assistant to the president for economic policy, and the attorney general have been invited to attend meetings of the National Security Council.   The ability to invite members from outside the military and intelligence community to play a role on the National Security Council  has occasionally caused controversy. In 2017, for example, President Donald Trump used an executive order to authorize his chief political strategist, Steve Bannon, to serve on the National Security Councils principals committee. The move caught many Washington insiders by surprise. â€Å"The last place you want to put somebody who worries about politics is in a room where they’re talking about national security,† former Defense Secretary and CIA Director Leon E. Panetta told  The New York Times. Bannon was later removed from the council. History of the National Security Council The National Security Council was created by the enactment of the National Security Act of 1947, which set forth a complete restructuring of the entire national security apparatus, civilian and military, including intelligence efforts, according to the Congressional Research Service. The law was signed by President Harry S. Truman on July 26, 1947. The National Security County was created in the post-World War II era, in part to ensure the nations industrial base would be capable of supporting national security strategies and to set policy, according to the Congressional Research Service.   National defense specialist Richard A. Best Jr. wrote: In the early 1940s, the complexities of global war and the need to work together with allies led to more structured processes of national security decision making to ensure that the efforts of the State, War, and Navy Departments were focused on the same objectives. There was an increasingly apparent need for an organizational entity to support the President in looking at the multiplicity of factors, military and diplomatic, that had to be faced during wartime and in the early postwar months when crucial decisions had to be made regarding the future of Germany and Japan and a large number of other countries.   The first meeting of the National Security Council was on  Sept. 26, 1947. Secret Kill Panel on National Security Council The National Security Council contains a once-secret subgroup that identifies enemies of the state and active militants living on American soil for potential assassination by the U.S. government. The so-called kill panel has been in existence since at least the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, though there is no documentation of the subgroup other than media reports based on unnamed government officials. According to published reports, the subgroup maintains a kill list that is reviewed by the president or the vice president on a weekly basis.   Reports the American Civil Liberties Union: There is very little information available to the public about the U.S. targeting of people far from any battlefield, so we dont know when, where, and against whom targeted killing can be authorized. According to news reports, names are added to a kill list, sometimes for months at a time, after a secret internal process. In effect, U.S. citizens and others are placed on kill lists on the basis of a secret determination, based on secret evidence,  that a person meets a secret definition of threat. While the Central Intelligence Agency and the Pentagon keep a list of terrorists who are approved for potential capture or assassination, the National Security Council is responsible for approving their appearance on the kill list. Under President Barack Obama, the determination of who was placed on the kill list was called the disposition matrix. And the decision-making authority was removed from the National Security Council and placed in the hands of the top  counterterrorism official. A detailed report on the matrix from The Washington Post  in 2012 found: Targeted killing is now so routine that the Obama administration has spent much of the past year codifying and streamlining the processes that sustain it. This year, the White House scrapped a system in which the Pentagon and the National Security Council had overlapping roles in scrutinizing the names being added to U.S. target lists. Now the system functions like a funnel, starting with input from half a dozen agencies and narrowing through layers of review until proposed revisions are laid on [White House counterterrorism adviser John O.]  Brennan’s desk, and subsequently presented to the president. National Security Council Controversies The organization and operation of the National Security Council has come under attack several times since the advisory group began meeting. The lack of a strong national security adviser and the involvement of council staff in covert operations has been a common cause of concern, most notably under President Ronald Reagan during the Iran-Contra scandal; the United States was proclaiming its opposition to terrorism while the National Security Council, under the direction of  Lt. Col. Oliver North, managed a program supplying weapons to a terrorist state. President Barack Obamas National Security Council, led by National Security Adviser Susan Rice, came under fire for its handling of the civil war in Syria, President  Bashar al-Assad, the spread of ISIS, and the failure to remove chemical weapons they later used against civilians. President George W. Bushs National Security Council was criticized for planning to invade Iraq and topple Saddam Hussein shortly after the inauguration in 2001.  Bushs Treasury secretary, Paul ONeill, who served on the council, was quoted as saying  after leaving office: From the start, we were building the case against Hussein and looking at how we could take him out and change Iraq into a new country. And, if we did that, it would solve everything. It was about finding a way to do it. That was the tone of it—the president saying, Fine. Go find me a way to do this. Who Heads the National Security Council The president of the United States is the statutory chairman of the National Security Council. When the president in not in attendance, the vice president presides over the council. The national security adviser also holds some supervisory powers, as well. Subcommittees In the  National Security Council There are several subgroups of the National Security Council designed to handle specific issues within the nations security apparatus. They include: The Principals Committee:  This committee is made up of the secretaries of the departments of State and Defense, the director of Central Intelligence, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the chief of staff to the president, and the national security adviser. This committee was created under President George H.W. Bush and is designed to allow the president and vice president to remain free from much of the minor policy negotiations. The Principals Committee, therefore, does not include the president or vice president; instead, it presents its work to the full National Security Council for implementation. If the process works as intended, the president does not have to spend time on uncoordinated policy recommendations and can focus on high-level problems and those issues upon which the departments and agencies could not reach a consensus, states the National Defense University of the U.S. Department of Defense.The Deputies Committee:  This committee is made up of the deputy national security adviser and second-ranking officials. Among its primary responsibilities is to meet regularly during times of crisis to gather and summarize information for the president, vice president, and members of the full National Security Council. Otherwise, it evaluates policy proposal for the full council.The Policy Coordinating committees:. These committees are made up of assistance department secretaries. Its role, according to presidential memorandum, is to provide policy analysis for consideration by the more senior committees of the national security system and ensure timely responses to the presidents decisions.

Essay about Causes of Car Accidents - 683 Words

Causes of car accidents Car accidents can happen to drivers anytime, anywhere. According to the National Safety Council, which stated that more than 2.5 million collisions back every year, making it the most common type of car accidents, it is also known that the accident rear end as incidents of injury, because the nature of the collision leads often in whiplash injury the driver in the car in front and about 20% of people who participated in a rear collision injury symptoms of this kind. , (NHTSA, auto-accident-resource.com). Among the car accidents, the teenage group is the only age group who is number of deaths is increasing instead of decreasing. Also, all the people are exposed to risk and actually every one of them has got car†¦show more content†¦When a cell phone is used while driving, it distracts the attention of the driver, leading to car accidents. While using a cell phone many people tend to miss traffic signals, because they are not really concentrating on driving. The process of dia ling or answering the phone can make them lose control of the vehicle as well. Even though the driver is looking at the road, he or she can easily get distracted by the conversation. This can result in fatal accidents. Third reason of accidents on the road is teenage drivers. â€Å"2,739 teenagers died in car accidents in the United States during 2008 , (drivesteady.com). Some teenagers cause fatal accidents, because of immaturity and lack of experience. Teenagers are very impulsive. Although not intending to hurt anyone, they sometimes drive very aggressively. It is not difficult to find teenagers driving with one hand on the steering wheel, seat pushed back, and with loud music playing. In traffic they go wild, trying to seek attention. They underestimate the risk of what they are doing. All these acts result in serious consequences on the road. Many accidents of young drivers result from their own mistakes. In conclusion, many people do not realize that being intoxicated while driving, using cellular phones and teenage drivers may bring serious injuries to everybody. Some people may enjoy drinking without care until they get into car accident, which can even result inShow MoreRelatedCause And Effect Of Car Accidents936 Words   |  4 Pages The world would be a much better place if there were fewer car accidents. Car accidents happen daily and regularly these days. They leave pains behind for the victims’ families. Many people think that they will never get involved in car accidents. They don’t wear their seat belts, they drive after drinking, and they use their cell phones while driving. They do all these things without even giving a second thought, yet all these things are preventable. No one knows what will happen to them in theRead MoreDo you know that one of the leading causes of the death of many teenagers is car accidents?500 Words   |  2 PagesDo you know that one of the leading causes of the death of many teenagers is car accidents? National Teen Driving Statistics showed that 16-year-old teenagers are three times more likely to die in car accidents than the average of all drivers. More teenage drivers are involved in car crashes every year than any age group and are more likely to die. Many s tates grant 16 year olds unsupervised driving privileges, which many safety advocates argue it too soon. Many argue that teenagers are emotionallyRead MoreCar Accidents Caused By Drivers882 Words   |  4 PagesCar accident can happen to drivers and passengers anytime, and anywhere. Even though we are more pay attention to the safety of the cars, car accidents is still happening. At the same time, car accidents is an important issue around the world. It has become a significant factors leading to death. Car accidents can be caused by three factors, including the bad driving conditions, personal driving habits and car conditions. Firstly, the bad driving conditions can cause car accidents. Drivers can’tRead MoreThe Accident Of Saudi Arabia766 Words   |  4 PagesAziz Car Accidents in Saudi Arabia Car accidents are an unwitting collision which is happening for one car with another or person or a static object, resulting in injuries in the car or driver or passengers. If certain procedures are followed then there will be fewer car accidents. The country will have an increased sense of safety and people will have less stress. When the first cars came to Saudi Arabia in 1947, the government began to create roads to connect the cities which inspired peopleRead MoreAre We Ready For Robot Cars?1350 Words   |  6 Pages Are We Ready for Robot Cars? â€Å"Every month it is becoming more clear that Google Cars are actually getting better at avoiding accidents† (Salkever). In other words, the issue is whether human drivers are more dangerous than driverless cars. The article â€Å"Google Cars Becoming Safer: Let the Robots Drive,† by Alex Salkever, says that driverless cars cut down on many road mishaps and will make driving safer. In like manner, the article â€Å"The Moral Challenges of Driverless Cars,† by Keith Kirkpatrick,Read MoreAutonomous Vehicles1715 Words   |  7 Pagesdriving and delegating more of those duties to the computer. Some manufacturers have made it easier to park or stay in the correct lane while some manufacturers are looking into a complete autonomous vehicle (AV). These are completely self-driving cars which the computer system controls every aspect of the drive. AVs have the potential to alter the landscape of driving like it has never been altered before. They have the potential to reduce the number of deadly crashes, provide transportationRead MoreCar Accidents Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesCar accidents are a leading cause of both morbidity and disability. A car accident is said to have occurred when a motor vehicle collides with another motor vehicle, a pedestrian, an animal, a structure, a building or road equipment. Despite strict laws that govern speeding, drunk driving, distracted driving and overall driver negligence, car accidents continue to increase. New data from the National Safety Council shows that car accident fatalities have increased by a third from 2014 to 2016 inRead MoreMotion and Car Safety762 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"inertia†, which means the property of an object to restrict its motion. Examples of inertia would be when a car is driving at a constant speed and instantly stops the person will fall forward if there is no seat belt. The seat belt is a safety device that is commonly found on car seats and aircraft seats, it is made from strong durable materials such as fabric, nylon or polyester. Cars that are manufactured are required to have seat belts due to road safety laws. The law was introduced in the 1970sRead MoreCar Accident Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesdied in a car accident . I didn’t.† In these days a lot of drivers record or photograph how they are speeding up in the streets while driving just for impressing people in social media . People don’t realize that doing those minor things causes severe pains or even death . people are on their phones, sending text messages , driving drank and most of them are having fatigue from driving for long hours or overly stressed after having a though working day, but after having a car accident who is theRead MoreA Brief Note On The Standard Way Of Driving1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe standard way of driving has always been one person in ful l control of the vehicle. Now with new and approved technology there are driverless cars that allow passengers to ride in a car without a driver. Driverless cars are very complex systems that allow passengers to be hands-free. Washington Post states that driverless cars have, Lots of sensory equipment feed into the vehicle’s computers. Radar, lasers and cameras collect data on the distance to objects and their speed if they’re moving.

Music Therapy - 2135 Words

Research Paper: Music Therapy Abstract There are many different ways that we benefit from music. Music can inspire better self-esteem, and confidence. It’s a great way to set the mood, and a wonderful tool. Music therapy is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program (Gram, 2005). Music therapy can reach out to anyone, age, race, gender it doesn’t matter. Children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly with mental health needs can benefit from music therapy. As well as, those who have developmental and learning disabilities, those who suffer from Alzheimers†¦show more content†¦People are able to relieve stress in a few different ways. Some people relieve stress by journaling. Journaling allows people to clarify their thoughts and feelings, thereby gaining valuable self-knowledge. It’s also a good problem-solving tool; ofte ntimes, one can hash out a problem and come up with solutions more easily on paper. Journaling about traumatic events helps one process them by fully exploring and releasing the emotions involved, and by engaging both hemispheres of the brain in the process, allowing the experience to become fully integrated in one’s mind (Scott, 2009). Journaling isn’t for everyone; some choose to mediate to reach full relaxation. Throughout the day, when we experience stress, our bodies automatically react in ways that prepare us to fight or run. In some cases of extreme danger, this physical response is helpful. However, a prolonged state of such agitation can cause physical damage to every part of the body. Meditation affects the body in exactly the opposite ways that stress does, restoring the body to a calm state, helping the body to repair it self, and preventing new damage due to the physical effects of stress (Scott, 2010). Along with journaling and meditation yoga is another stress management. Yoga, which derives its name from the word,Show MoreRelatedMusic Therapy2049 Words   |  9 Pagesresearch paper, the effectiveness of music therapy on the cognitive degenerative disorder of dementia will be evaluated. To support the contention that music therapy is effective in treating the symptoms of dementia, research documenting this therapy’s impact on memory, emotions, and behavior will be examined. In order to provide a greater understanding of music therapy and dementia, these terms will be defined. Second, research will be examined to determine music therapy’s impact on the psychologicalRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effects854 Words   |  4 PagesMusic therapy is not currently a widely recognized option of treatment. If an individual goes to see a healthcare professional nowadays, it would be highly unlikely that that individual would receive a recommendation for music therapy treatme nt. Yet, music therapy is an established field of medical science that dates back to the time of the ancient Greeks. So, what is music therapy? Music therapy is defined as â€Å"treatment including creating, singing, moving to, and/or listening to music† (â€Å"What isRead MoreMusic Therapy Is Effective Or Not?925 Words   |  4 Pagestoday’s day and age, people cannot go anywhere or do anything without listening to music. From elevator music, to exercise in the gym, to background music in restaurants, to the radio in the car, we cannot escape music. It is such an overlooked yet essential part of our daily lives, but what is unknown by many is that music is also used very deliberately in the lives of others. Many hospitals use music therapy to help treat their stroke patients, premature infants, those diagnosed with AlzheimerRead MoreMusic Therapy1769 Words   |  8 PagesMusic therapy is used to treat people for various reasons and there are multiple styles of t reatment presently being used. Music therapy is an effective form of therapy that is used on people of all ages to improve quality of life. Music therapy has been used in the medical industry for more than 60 years and there are many people who have no idea what it is. During W.W.I., music therapy in the United States began to develop when music was used in the Veterans Administration Hospitals as an interventionRead MoreThe American Music Therapy Association1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as an â€Å"established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals†. Studies have shown that there are clear benefits from listening to or playing music, but research over the last decade proves music can be used to heal in the medical field. Dementia and other neurological disorders have no cure, only treatments to lessen the symptomsRead MoreMusic And Music Therapy ( N.a.m.t ) Essay1826 Words   |  8 PagesMusical Therapy   Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Music, even in situations of the greatest of horror, should never be painful to the ear but should flatter and charm it, and thereby always remain music.† (Mozart). Music is pervasive in everyday life. It is used as a means of communication. It allows us to better oneself, and continues to be an outlet for creativity that is ever changing in this era. The use of music in a therapy session dates back to ancient times and has even been discovered in ancient biblical scripturesRead MoreShould Music Therapy Be Taught?1812 Words   |  8 PagesMedicinal Melodies Jodi Picoult, New York Times best-selling author of Sing You Home once said, Music therapy, to me, is music performance without the ego. It’s not about entertainment as much as it s about empathizing. If you can use music to slip past the pain and gather insight into the workings of someone else’s mind, you can begin to fix a problem. Music therapy is precisely that: an assuaging therapy meant to heal patients who need empathy, love, and tranquility. Patients in the neonatal intensiveRead MoreIs Music Therapy Beneficial?768 Words   |  4 PagesTherapy can consist of a vast number of interventions. Some can be as simple as the presence of music. Especially when dealing with patients experiencing bouts of mental illness. This article provides specific insight in regards to whether music throughout therapy is beneficial to those experiencing forms of dementia. According to, Sherrati, Thorton Hatton, p. 13, (2004), â€Å"The use of the term music in this paper refers to a variety of music interventions (eg. listening to music), whereas the termsRead MoreMusic Therapy ( Mt )1845 Words   |  8 PagesFor most, music plays an integral role in life. Whether it’s putting a playlist on to get hyped-up for a daily workout, or shuffling through an Adele album to get through a bad break-up. In short, music is connected to our mood. Henceforth, it should come as no surprise that music therapy (MT) has been used in various forms of rehab, specifically in terms of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is a condition masked with impairments to social functioning, speech, and language along with unusual behaviorsRead MoreThe Benefits Of Music Therapy Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesThe Unbeknownst Benefits of Music Therapy Music therapy, a clinical use of music interventions to accomplish therapeutic goals, involves a broad range of activities including playing an instrument, singing, or listening to music. Similar to occupational and physical therapy, this expressive arts therapy remedies psychological conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or hypertension to maintain the well-being of an individual. Likewise, music has been a therapeutic tool that has shown positive effects

The Inner Defiance of Hester Prynne free essay sample

An analysis of the main character in The Scarlett Letter. This paper examines the character of Hester Prynne as a symbol of resistance to the ubiquitous Puritan oppression in early colonial America in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. Society hastens to oppose those who deviate from the norm, often condemning them as outcasts or pariahs. Such outcasts or pariahs are commonly ridiculed or ostracized for their differing beliefs and actions. A literary example of such an outcast is Hester Prynne, in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. Scorned and isolated by her Puritan community after they discover her act of adultery, they punish her with imprisonment. They also mandate that she wear, at all times, a scarlet letter A on her chest, which is to serve as a constant reminder of the sin she has committed. Hester wears the scarlet letter on the outside, but inwardly defies and rebels against the strict Puritan regimen, thus becoming a symbol of resistance against Puritan oppression. We will write a custom essay sample on The Inner Defiance of Hester Prynne or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Marketing channels and logistics Essay Example

Marketing channels and logistics Essay Marketing channels and logistics BY k3700026 1. Executive Summary This report is aimed at exploring the market channel and logistics in the case of SuperAlloy, the world-class provider of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims. Through the analysis of financial performance, the fluctuations of average selling days and inventory turnover are necessary to addressed. After the discussion, this report mentions three key, including the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain, breakthrough of market channels, deploying the system of logistics in China region. From the perspective of management, SuperAlloy should adapt external integration, estructure the supply chain collaboration, complete the breakthrough of market channels, highlight some KPIs, such as inventory turnover, average selling days, and the average time to generate first trial order for new customer or new design, and deploy the logistics of China regions. 2. The Discussion for Task 1 2. The market opportunity for the forged aluminum alloy wheel rims With the designs of energy-saving technology growing mature in automobile market, the forged aluminum alloy wheel rims have become the important component in future lightweight vehicle. The components of high-strength forged aluminum alloy could e used to reduce vehicle weight and enhance the engine efficiency. Therefore, the forged aluminum alloy wheel rims have played the key part in automotive supply chain (http://www. superalloy. tw/). The case company in this report is SuperAlloy, which has moved into the forged aluminum al loy wheel rims since 1997. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing channels and logistics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing channels and logistics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing channels and logistics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The first three key suppliers of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims are Americas ACOA, Germanys Otto Fuch, and Taiwans SuperAlloy. In China, the first provider for article_content_12953. html). The market opportunity for forged aluminum alloy wheel rims results from technological bar inherent in the high-strength forged luminum alloy wheel rims ( http://www. superalloy. tw/). First, it stems from high specifications in automobile system regarding safety. Thereby, the providers of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims are often required to meet the criteria by way of innovation of manufacturing process or material technology. Second, the process of aforementioned innovation result in longer lead times before mass production. Accordingly, higher margins for the forged aluminum alloy wheel rims often cost the higher-than-normal expense of high-quality services from RD team and sales team. On the other hands, the management for market channel and logistics plays the critical position in the technology-intensive industry. 2. 2 The financial performances of SuperAlloy As the appendix describes, SuperAlloy is the Taiwans biggest closed-mold forge company and ranked as the third position in the global forged aluminum alloy wheel rims industry. Based on the published financial data on the website of http:// newmopsov. twse. com. tw/, this report reviews the financial performances of SuperAlloy from 2006 to 2011, trying to identifying the issues behind market channel and logistics. Table 1 The financial performances of SuperAlloy Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 sale (NTD OOOS) 2,223,755 3,579,541 2723,396 Margin(%) 30. 39 20. 98 2. 72 20. 95 22. 44 17. 2 Operating margin(%) 17. 13 10. 83 -6. 81 6. 83 5. 42 Debt ratio(%) 59. 36 60. 35 63. 72 24. 23 46. 51 Inventory turnovers 1 . 1 1. 89 2. 05 2. 66 2. 98 2. 14 Average selling days (Days) 278. 62 193. 12 178. 04 137. 21 122. 48 170. 56 Asset turnovers 0. 37 0. 48 0. 46 0. 39 0. 43 0. 49 Cash flow 63. 06 60. 42 12. 01 4. 8 1 . 44 -6. 17 2. 4 3. 45 2. 74 0. 64 -19. 58 3. 8 5. 95 4. 13 Source: http://newmopsov. twse. com. tw NA means the data cant be accessed. As shown in table 1, the sales from 2006 to 2008 indicate the strong growth momentum, while the margins and operating margins in the same period indicate that more revenue didnt mean more profit. In 2008, the inventory turnover, asset turnover and average selling days indicate the positive progress on management. Therefore, the negative ROA in 2008 could be attributed to the issue of negative margin. It suggests the necessary adjustments regarding cost efficiency. According to the management interview traced on the website of (http://store. gvm. com. tw/ article_content_12953. tml), the improvement of manufacturing process and staff quality has been under the focus of internal management. Compared with the data shown in the appendix, SuperAlloy began to deliver forged aluminum wheel rims to Jaguar Cars and Tesla Motors in April 2008. In October 2008, SuperAlloy won a Toyota TMS gold award. Hence, the factors resulting in the negative operating margin in 2008 could be related to the effects from financial tsunami and following issues regarding cost efficiency. The fluctuation in the period from 2009 to 2011 reflects another pattern. Even with the lower revenue than 2009, the outcomes in 2010, ncluding inventory turnover, average selling days, margin and operating margin, indicate the best signal since 2006. However, affected by cripple effects resulted from the European debt crisis, the performance in 2011 delivers the signal of another economic impulse surrounding a higher average selling days as well as a lower inventory turnover. Figure 1 The compassion among sales, margin, operating margin Source: This report Based on the analysis of DuPont formulate, a lower ROA could result from lower asset turnover, indicating poor management, lower operating margin, or a combination of oth factors. The trend displayed in figure 1 suggests the downtrend of ROA an ROE in fgure 2 should be focused on the operating management. As shown in table 1, there are two points which are necessary be highlighted. First, the lower inventory turnover of 2011 suggests the efficiency of logistics should be improved, reflecting some problems linked with manufacturing system and sale team. Second, the higher average selling days indicate the forecasts for brand customers orders should be adjusted to the dynamic of market, indicating the key issues behind market channel and regarding strategies. These issues could involve the identification of problems, the cooperation of cross-group cooperation, internal integration or external integration. These topics will be discussed in following sections of this report. Figure 2 The compassion among sales, ROES, ROAS in the past Source: This report Based on the previous analysis, there are some issues necessary to be addressed. The lower inventory turnover of 2011 suggests possible challenges confronted SuperAlloy. From the perspective of operation between sale team and manufacturing department, lower inventory turnover mean the misinformation in the process of ommunication between these two departments. The sale team should take the role to maintain customer relationship and Judge where is the equilibrium among the capability of manufacturing department and customers demands and criteria. Once customers demand could not fit the capacity or the present category of product. The outsourcing process should be moved on in order to provide the total solutions for the timing and immediacy of orders. Accordingly, in accordance with the lecture of Marketing Channels Logistics by Mike Bourlakis(2012), the efficiency of outsourcing process will be the issue to be discussed. Before the discussion, its important to realize the characteristics in automotive supply chain. For the purpose, this report collects the information from the in-depth interview by e-mails through personal relationship connecting to some senior manager in the regarding forging field. Based on the process cited on the website of http://www. ]yeh. com. tw and personal in-depth interview with the senior manager by e-mails, the manufacturing process of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims could be referred as the following sequence: 1. Order entry, 2. Mold design making, 3. Material incoming, 4. Material inspecting, . Making product sample, 6. Quality confirm by customer, 7. Cutting 8. Forging, 9. Edge cutting, 10. Heat treatment, 11. Vibration grinding, 12. Pickling, 13. Drilling surface grinding hole machining 14. Anodized or coating, 15. Finished product inspection, 16. Packing delivery. Above process highlights the longer lead time for new product innovation depends on the sequence from step 2 to step 6. The average lead time for the trial order of a new customer to a formal mass-producing order usually cost six months to 1 5 months, according to the in-depth interview through emails. The major threshold for enerating new orders results from the capability of dealing well with customers requirement, such as the strength of product, the design of the product as well as the flexibility of rapid responses for customers immediate need and ideas. Besides maintaining the customer relationship with existent clients, the main promotion of sale teams in the industry is through the all kinds of exhibitions around the world. design, the following orders of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims will grow at the pace of automotive growth momentum. Above process for building up customer relationship results in the higher-than-normal threshold for new providers. . 3. 1 The first key challenges : The dilemma of collaboration in supply chain From the perspective of automotive supply chain, the difficulty and complexity inherent in the technique of forging aluminum alloy drive the outsourcing process and following collaborations. Notwithstanding, there will still be the dilemma for the collaboration of supply chain confronting SuperAlloy. The dilemma derives from the differentials among different companies, heated up by the process of distribution of benefits in customers orders and the difference of profitability of different automotive components. Thus, the partnership in supply chain is like the game theory, demonstrated by the prisons dilemma. From the perspective of protecting intangible assets, the know-hows and techniques embedded in forged aluminum alloy wheel rims mean the capability of moving into a higher margin market. Inevitably, more robust partnership, more comprehensive understanding . t symbolizes the advantage of core competition decays with the collaboration going on. Hence, the concerns of keeping the uniqueness of techniques will drive the dilemma into next stage, since both parties want to keep the competitiveness in the market nd sustain the original customer relationship. Whereas the dynamic of collaboration depends on more bargaining assets which party holds, like technologies, producing capac ity, the certification of customer as well as the capability of generating orders. Accordingly, the first key challenge in front of SuperAlloy is to meet the the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain collaboration. . 3. 2 The second key challenges : The breakthrough of market channels Even with the insurance of automotive customers certification, the unstable sale growth momentum will be always existent. The ncertainty is reflected on the volatility of average selling days in table 1 . The issue behind the higher average selling days in 2011 should be linked with the global economic concerns. Once the sale team loosens the monitoring for global automotive market, the reliability of customers order forecast will be overestimated. It could lead to the lower inventory turnover and higher average selling days, along with the fluctuating margins driven by unexpected downtrend in the market. Under previous global economy, the market channels of SuperAlloy should react through innovation, integration or diversification of product portfolio. Based on the point of view, the breakthrough of market channel should be addressed . For the time being, the promotion through exhibition is the key channel to contact potential customers. However, the promotion should be involved with RD team and sale team to back up the following communication with customers. From the perspective of efficiency and accumulating the key human capital, the management of the market channel should rely on the scheme of the key performance indicators, to utilize the existent human resources. For SuperAlloy, the second key challenge is the breakthrough of market channel. Based on above characteristics of automotive supply chain, SuperAlloy should leverage its customer relationship to build up the solid partnership and flexibility of outsourcing or other external integration. Therefore, the objectives of breakthrough of market channel are to bring into solid collaboration, maintain the promotion. . 3. 3 The third key challenges : Deploying the system of logistics in China region Under previous global economy, the growth momentum of automotive market depends on the stimulus of policy of subsidies, guiding people to transfer from traditional vehicles to energy-saving vehicles. Combined with brand customers romotion, the demand of forged aluminum alloy wheel rims co uld be heated up. Nonetheless, it should be a long way to go. Whenever reviewing the growth momentum around the world, China automotive market shouldnt be missed. Notwithstanding, the cooperation with Chinese local partners is not always an easy task, due to the regulations inherent in cultures and Joint venture. The issue of managing the logistics and sustaining the customer relationship shouldnt be ignored. Once the distance between the different customers basements are longer than ever, the efficiency of managing people in the process of logistics become ritical to the global operation. As shown in figure 3 in the appendix, SuperAlloy is running the global operation. Nonetheless, how to strengthen the efficiency of logistics in China region should be addressed as a crucial decision-making process, including the indicators of measuring performance and assembling the logistics depending on potential customers demand. In sum, there will be three key challenges for SuperAlloy to deal with in the future. They are listed as following points: 1. The dilemma of the collaboration in supply chain, 2. The breakthrough of market channels, 3. Deploying the system of logistics in China region. . The Discussion for Task 2 3. The solution for the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain After above discussion, the following parts of this report will be focused on how to generate the solutions for aforementioned three challenges. As far as the first challenge is concerned, the solutions will include supply chain integration. According to the characteristics of forging industry, the swap of equity to build up the long term collaboration should be listed as the fir st priority. The first reason results from the culture of Taiwans supply chain companies, which usually focus on the control of decision-making process. If the partners are without cross-shareholding, the external integration would be possibly deterred by mutual trusts and interest conflicts inherent in supply chain mentioned as above. On the other hand, the negotiation of the swap of equity will bring in the dynamic of adjustments and evaluation from all kinds of standing points. Thereby, the equilibrium of new collaboration could be achieved by the trade-off of industrial dynamics and the right of control. From the perspective of supply chain integration, first comes who could be authorized to adjust the logistics, then second comes the evaluation of performances. The two ecessary step are dependent on the equilibrium of equity structure. After the two procedures, the external integration and internal integration could be reorganized under the leadership. Under above discussion, the first solution to the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain is to start the external integration, based on the building up of new leadership and equilibrium of equity structure. For the sake of considering the differentials of company culture and accelerating the speed of market channels Based on the external integration mentioned as above, the following step is to start the breakthrough of market channels. With the capacity and flexibility inherent in new partnership, the promotion of creating total solutions for customers could strengthen the capability of keeping customers orders and drawing the potential customers orders. Once the flexibility of selecting qualified orders is enlarged up, the product mix could also be more appropriate than ever to restructure market channels and adjust logistics. Notwithstanding, the success of breakthrough of market channels depends on the building up the key performance indicators (KPI). Compared with above discussion regarding table 1, inventory turnover and average elling days could be ranked as two primary KPIs. Besides them, the average time to generate first trial order for new customer or new design could be used as the KPI to measure the efficiency of integration between technological team and sale team. Reviewing the process of generating new order, average time to generate first trial order for new customer or new design will include the plan for exhibition, the forecast of market trends and initial survey of customers and potential customers. Once the outcome is longer than expected, then the necessary interview or adjustment should be carried out. Since average time to generate first trial order for new customer or new design is linked with the cooperation among members in both teams, the interaction among them could be under evaluation and immediate adjustments. 3. 3 The solution for deploying the system of logistics in China region After breakthrough of market channels, the customer relationship could be maintained efficiently. With the KPIs in previous discussion, the global operations around brand customers could be leveraged up in the deploying the system of logistics in China region. Under the differentials between Chinese enterprise ulture and Taiwan enterprise culture, the better way to deploying the system of logistics in China region is through the collective actions based on the new partnership. On the other hand, the logistics in China regions should be completed through the linkage with local relationship. The Joint venture with local critical family or key company will be reviewed as the must-be routine. Nonetheless, the past experiences in China region are not always profitable, due to the learning curve for local regulations and exclusive marketing channel. For the sake of utilization of xistent resources, the collective deployment under the external internal integration could shorten the adjustments , quickening the speed to fit customers demand in China regions. 4. Conclusions After the discussion in this report, the suggestions for SuperAlloy are listed as following point. The three key challenges are the dilemma of collaboration in supply chain, the breakthrough of market channels, deploying the system of logistics in China region. According to the analysis of arguments , the solutions for these challenges are stated as following. First, SuperAlloy should start the external supply hain integration, building up the new supply chain collaboration. Following that, SuperAlloy should restructure breakthrough of market channel, combining the management of KPIs in previous sections. Finally, SuperAlloy could utilize existent resources and partnership to deploy the logistics in China region. 1 . http://store. gvm. com. tw/article_content_12953. html 2. http://www. superalloy. tw/main. hp 3. http://newmopsov. twse. com. tw/ 4. http://www. gvm. com. tw/Boardcontent_12953_1 . html 5. http://www. autoinfo. gov. cn/autoinfo_cn/top/ydphb/index_ydphb. htm 6. http:// www. Jyeh. com. tw 7. Mike Bourlakis (2012), Marketing Channels Logistics,London: Brunel University. 6. Appendix: The company profile of SuperAlloy SuperAlloy , founded in 1994, has moved into the industry of forged wheel rims since 1997. From the perspective of revenue, SuperAlloy has created the sales of NTD 27. 5E in 2011, operating Taiwans biggest closed-mold forge. Nonetheless, from the point of the company history in the industry of forged wheel rims, the initial stage from 1997 to 2000 have almost run out of original accumulated capital until the influx of venture capital from IJMC group, which is ranked the second position of IC foundry http://store. gvm. com. tw/article_content_12953. html). After the experience of initial stage, the management of SuperAlloy have started to focused on the operating efficiency and regarding capital expenditures such as the plants and equipments for forged aluminum alloy wheel rims. Since then, SuperAlloy has gradually passed the threshold of automotive supply chain. From the points of sale growth, the sale of 2004 was Just above NTD 5 hundred million, whereas SuperAlloy delivered the sale of NTD 22 hundred million in 2006 (http://store. gvm. com. tw/article_content_12953. html). The growth momentum results from the orders from global auto brands, such as 6M, FORD as well as Chrysler. According to the information on the companys website of http://www. superalloy. tw, the critical milestones of company history from 2000 to 2011 are listed as following: 2011. 1 Won the TOYOTA QUALITY Platinum Award. 2011. 07 AS 7003 NADCAP Materials -resting certified. 2011. 03 Germany KBAnuvvehtcle -rest certification certified: KBA NO. 48288 (Truck wheel 22. 5 x 1 1. 75). 2011. 03 Won the 19th Taiwan Excellence Award (truck wheel TE0002). 2010. 08 Won Supplier Excellent Performance Award from Bureau of Foreign Trade. 2010. 08 Won Finishing Light Metal Article Equipment and Metho ds NO. US007785452B2 U. S. patent. 2010. 06 AS9100 certified, supply Forging to AIDC Aerospace. 2010 The company get Honda, Land Rover, AMG Forged Wheel Program Awarded. 009. 07 The company by raising an additional NT$187 million in cash, with its capital increased to NT$2. 17 billion. 2009. 07 Opel Insignia OPC Forged Wheel Supplier. 2008. 04 The company began supplying forged aluminum wheel rims to Jaguar Cars and Tesla Motors. 2008. 10 In October 2008, SuperAlloys designs won customer recognition and a Toyota TMS gold award. 2007. 6 The company obtained Ford QI . 2007. 10 The company recapitalized undistributed earnings in the amount of NTD140. 5 million, bringing its paid-in capital to NTDI . 7655 billion, with a staff of 2006. 6 Phase 2 of Plant 2 was completed and the factory went into production. 2006. 10 The company expanded its plants and purchased additional equipment by raising NTD900 million in cash through issuing new shares at a premium of NTD700 million, with the comp anys paid-in capital increased to NTDI . 625 billion and its shares traded on the emerging stock market. 2006. 11 The company began shipping wheel rims to Chrysler. 006. 11 The company hired new employees in the month to the end of 2006 to increase its workforce to 1006, with a new golf head end customer added to its customer base: 2005. 1 The company expanded its plants and purchased additional equipment by raising an additional NTD360 million in cash by issuing new shares . 2005. 01 The company expanded its plants and purchased additional equipment by raising an additional NT$360 million in cash by issuing new shares at a premium of NT$135 million, with paid-in capital increased to NT$I . 425 billion. As of the end of 2005, the companys employees had increased to 874. 2005. 1 The company added a new golf head end customer 2004. 05 The company began shipping wheel rims to Ford. 2004. 6 the company purchased additional fixed assets and built Plant 2 by raising an additional NTD128 m illion in cash through issuing new shares at a premium of NTD48 million, with its capital increased to NTDI . 08 billion. 2004. 08 Phase I of Plant 2 was completed, with machines installed and production begun. 2004. 12 Plants were expanded and additional equipment purchased by raising an additional NT$192 million in cash through issuing new shares at a premium of NTD72 million, with paid- in capital increased to NTDI . billion and employees increased to 346. 2003. 5 The company purchased additional fixed assets and built Plant 2 by raising an additional NTD200 million in cash through issuing new shares, with its capital increased to NTD 1 billion and employees increased to 270. 2002. 07 The company purchased additional fixed assets by raising an additional NTDI 72. 3 million in cash through issuing new shares, with its capital increased to NTD 800 million and employees increased to 210. 2001. 09 The company purchased additional fixed assets by raising an additional NT$IOO million i n cash through issuing new shares, with the total paid- n capital increased to NTD 627. million and employees increased to 147. 2001. 11 The company began shipping wheel rims to GM. 0 2000. 05 The company purchased additional fixed assets and built Plant 1 by raising an additional NT$300 million through issuing new shares and NT$29. 7 million through earnings recapitalization. The companys capital was increased to NTD527. 7 million and was renamed SuperAlloy Industrial Co. , Ltd. 2000. 11 Plant 1 was completed and inaugurated , with employees increased to 116. Figure 3 The global operating basements of SuperAlloy Source: http://www. superalloy. tw/main. php